Equal Representation Act of 2025
Beginning with the 2030 census, questionnaires will require households to indicate the U.S. citizenship status of every resident. Noncitizens will no longer be included in the population counts used to distribute seats in the U.S. House of Representatives among the states. Additionally, the federal government must publicly release state-by-state population totals broken down by citizens and noncitizens within 120 days of finishing each census.
What this bill touches.
Who it helps · who it burdens.
Who it burdens
- Decennial census respondentsMust indicate whether each member of their household is a U.S. citizen on the decennial census questionnaire starting in 2030 (Sec. 2(2)).
- Department of Commerce and Census BureauMust add a citizenship question to all decennial census questionnaires starting in 2030 and publicly release citizen and noncitizen population counts per state within 120 days of census completion (Sec. 2(2)).
Who opposes it
- Noncitizens residing in the United StatesAre excluded from the state population counts used to apportion seats in the U.S. House of Representatives starting with the 2030 census (Sec. 3(a)).
The provisions, in plain language.
Requires the Census Bureau to include a citizenship checkbox or question for all household members on the 2030 decennial census and all future censuses.
Requires the Department of Commerce to publicly release state population counts broken down by citizens and noncitizens within 120 days of completing each decennial census.
Excludes noncitizens from the state population counts used to distribute seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, starting with the 2030 census apportionment.