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CIVIC HERALD
HR 478 · 119th Congress · HouseOther

Promoting New Bank Formation Act

In plain language: This bill lowers financial and regulatory hurdles for people looking to open new community and rural banks. For their first three years in business, newly formed banks would be allowed to gradually build up their required emergency cash reserves rather than meeting full standards on day one. The measure also allows federal savings associations to offer more farm loans and requires federal regulators to decide on a new bank's proposed business changes within 30 days.

Provisional: our plain-language summary, pending review.

Provisionalunreviewed: impact, issue tags, provisions, stakeholders, summary
People affectedNot determinable from the text provided; the legislation applies to newly insured depository institutions, bank holding companies, and federal savings associations, but does not provide counts of affected entities or individuals.
Fiscal magnitudeCBO cost estimate published (H.R. 478, Promoting New Bank Formation Act, 2025-11-12); dollar figure pending review extraction — see receipt
Reach32provisional · pending reviewrigor: heuristic llm
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Issues

What this bill touches.

Banking/financial rules−35Farm policy & subsidies+20

The sign shows the bill's direction on each issue (+ toward, − away); the number is its magnitude. Color never encodes good or bad, and never party.

Who it affects

Who it helps · who it burdens.

Who it helps

  • Newly insured depository institutions and holding companiesReceives a 3-year phase-in period to comply with federal capital requirements and gains the ability to modify agency-approved business plans under an expedited 30-day review timeline that defaults to automatic approval if the agency fails to act (Sec. 2, Sec. 3).provisional
  • Newly insured rural depository institutionsSubject to a lower Community Bank Leverage Ratio requirement of 8 percent during their first three years of insurance, with even lower phased-in percentages during their first two years (Sec. 4).provisional
  • Federal savings associationsAuthorized to make secured or unsecured agricultural loans without being restricted by general commercial lending asset limits (Sec. 5).provisional

Who it burdens

  • Federal banking agenciesMandated to issue phase-in regulations for capital standards and rural leverage ratios, review and respond to business plan changes within 30 days (including providing written reasons and alternative remedies if denied), and conduct a study on the decline of newly chartered institutions to submit to Congress within one year (Sec. 2, Sec. 3, Sec. 4, Sec. 6).provisional

Dollar-level funding (FEC sector totals) is coming in a later phase.

What it does

The provisions, in plain language.

  1. Requires federal banking agencies to issue rules giving newly insured banks and bank holding companies a three-year phase-in period to meet federal capital requirements.

    Sec. 2provisional
  2. Allows a new bank to request changes to its agency-approved business plan during its first three years, requiring regulators to decide within 30 days—including reasons and suggested revisions if denied—or the request is automatically approved.

    Sec. 3provisional
  3. Sets the Community Bank Leverage Ratio for qualifying new rural banks with under $10 billion in assets at 8 percent during their first three years, with even lower ratios phased in during the first two years.

    Sec. 4provisional
  4. Authorizes federal savings associations to make secured or unsecured agricultural loans without standard commercial lending limits.

    Sec. 5provisional
  5. Directs federal banking agencies to study the causes of the decline in newly chartered banks over the past decade and report strategies to Congress within one year for promoting new banks in underserved areas.

    Sec. 6provisional

How your members of Congress line up

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Timeline

How it moved.

  1. May 6, 2025Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 64.
  2. May 6, 2025Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-90.
  3. May 6, 2025Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-90.
  4. Apr 2, 2025Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 28 - 21.
  5. Jan 16, 2025Introduced in House
  6. Jan 16, 2025Introduced in House

The original text

Read it for yourself.

Sources & provenance

Congress.govrefreshed 17 days ago

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