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CIVIC HERALD
HR 5361 · 119th Congress · HouseIn committee

George Floyd Justice in Policing Act of 2025

In plain language: This bill expands the public's ability to hold police accountable by eliminating qualified immunity defenses in civil lawsuits and lowering the standard to prosecute officers criminally for civil rights violations. It conditions federal law enforcement grants on state and local agencies banning chokeholds, restricting no-knock warrants, adopting stricter use-of-force standards, and reporting detailed data on misconduct and police stops. The legislation also creates a publicly searchable national database of officer misconduct, restricts the transfer of military equipment to local departments, requires federal officers to use body-worn cameras, and makes on-duty sexual relations with detainees a federal crime.

Provisional: our plain-language summary, pending review.

Provisionalunreviewed: impact, issue tags, provisions, stakeholders, summary
People affectedThe text affects all federal, state, local, and tribal law enforcement officers and individuals interacting with law enforcement nationwide, but it does not specify an exact numerical population.
Fiscal magnitudeno CBO estimate published
Reach90provisional · pending reviewrigor: heuristic llm
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Issues

What this bill touches.

Race-conscious policy+70Policing & funding+85AI & emerging tech+50

The sign shows the bill's direction on each issue (+ toward, − away); the number is its magnitude. Color never encodes good or bad, and never party.

Who it affects

Who it helps · who it burdens.

Who it helps

  • Individuals subjected to police misconduct or profilingGains the ability to sue law enforcement officers in civil court without qualified immunity barriers (Sec. 102); obtains a private right of action to seek injunctive relief and attorney fees for racial or religious profiling (Sec. 312); receives access to searchable misconduct records (Sec. 201(e)); and benefits from favorable legal presumptions in court if required police camera recordings are unmade or destroyed (Sec. 372(s)).provisional
  • State attorneys generalGranted subpoena power to conduct pattern-or-practice civil investigations into unconstitutional policing and prosecutorial misconduct (Sec. 103(a)), and made eligible for federal grant funding from a $100 million annual authorization to conduct these investigations (Sec. 103(b)).provisional
  • Community-based public safety and civil rights organizationsEligible for competitive federal grants under a $25 million fiscal year 2026 authorization to study and implement police oversight, hiring, training standards, and non-police community public safety models (Sec. 114(b), 114(k)).provisional
  • Small law enforcement agencies (100 or fewer officers)Eligible for federal technical assistance grants to help cover the costs of implementing use-of-force reporting systems, public complaint portals, and de-escalation training (Sec. 224).provisional
  • States and Indian Tribes enacting independent investigation statutesEligible to receive a portion of $750 million authorized for fiscal years 2026 through 2028 in federal grants if they enact laws requiring independent criminal investigations and prosecutions of police uses of deadly force resulting in injury or death (Sec. 104(a)).provisional

Who it burdens

  • Federal, state, and local law enforcement officersLoses qualified immunity and good-faith defenses in civil rights lawsuits (Sec. 102); faces a lowered criminal intent standard (knowing or reckless) for federal civil rights offenses (Sec. 101); subject to mandatory misconduct tracking in a public national registry (Sec. 201); and federal officers face strict limits on deadly and less-lethal force, body camera mandates, duty-to-intervene requirements, and felony penalties for sexual acts with persons in custody (Sec. 361, 364, 372, 402).provisional
  • State and local law enforcement agenciesSubject to extensive mandatory demographic reporting on stops, searches, and use of force (Sec. 118, 223); required to implement anti-profiling policies, accreditation, and training (Sec. 113, 331, 361); prohibited from receiving military-grade weapons and vehicles from the Department of Defense (Sec. 365); and risk withholding of federal Byrne and COPS grant funding for noncompliance with various operational reforms (Sec. 103(d), 202, 332, 362, 363, 403).provisional
  • Department of DefenseProhibited from transferring firearms, ammunition, grenades, combat aircraft, drones, long-range acoustic devices, and certain armored vehicles to law enforcement agencies under the 1033 program, and required to conduct and verify 100 percent accountability inventories of all transferred controlled property (Sec. 365).provisional

Who backs it

  • Federal taxpayersFinances federal grant programs and enforcement operations authorized by the bill, including $750 million for independent investigation grants (Sec. 104(a)), $300 million over three years for state pattern-and-practice grants (Sec. 103(b)), $25 million for community organization grants (Sec. 114(k)), and $28.3 million for DOJ civil rights enforcement and mediation (Sec. 116).provisional

Dollar-level funding (FEC sector totals) is coming in a later phase.

What it does

The provisions, in plain language.

  1. Lowers the criminal intent standard for prosecuting law enforcement officers for federal civil rights violations from "willfully" to "knowingly or recklessly," removes the death penalty for the offense, and specifies that an officer's act is treated as causing death if it was a substantial factor.

    Sec. 101provisional
  2. Eliminates qualified immunity and good-faith defenses in civil lawsuits against local, state, and federal law enforcement officers for constitutional or statutory violations.

    Sec. 102provisional
  3. Creates a publicly searchable National Police Misconduct Registry containing records of complaints, discipline, terminations, certifications, lawsuits, and resignations under investigation for all federal, state, and local law enforcement officers.

    Sec. 201provisional
  4. Prohibits racial and religious profiling by law enforcement agents and agencies, and authorizes injured individuals and the federal government to sue for injunctive relief, with disparate impact serving as prima facie evidence of profiling.

    Sec. 311 & 312provisional
  5. Bans federal law enforcement officers from executing no-knock search warrants in drug cases and conditions COPS grant funds on states and localities enacting laws prohibiting no-knock warrants in drug cases.

    Sec. 362provisional
  6. Classifies chokeholds and carotid restraints by law enforcement as federal civil rights violations and conditions Byrne and COPS grant funding on states and localities enacting laws banning their use.

    Sec. 363provisional
  7. Restricts federal officers' use of deadly force to a last resort necessary to prevent imminent death or serious injury after exhausting reasonable alternatives, strips justification defenses for officers who violate these standards or act with gross negligence, and conditions Byrne grants on states adopting matching rules.

    Sec. 364provisional
  8. Prohibits the Department of Defense from transferring military-grade equipment—including firearms, ammunition, grenades, combat aircraft, drones, and armored vehicles—to federal, state, and local police agencies, and requires local governing body approval and public notice for permitted transfers.

    Sec. 365provisional
  9. Requires federal law enforcement officers to wear body cameras and install dash cameras in patrol vehicles during public encounters, bans the use of facial recognition technology on cameras and footage, and establishes legal presumptions favoring criminal defendants and civil plaintiffs if required recordings are missing or destroyed.

    Sec. 372–374provisional
  10. Makes it a federal crime punishable by up to 15 years in prison for law enforcement officers acting under color of law to engage in a sexual act with someone in custody, eliminates consent as a legal defense, and conditions COPS grant eligibility on states enacting identical prohibitions.

    Sec. 402 & 403provisional

How your members of Congress line up

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Timeline

How it moved.

  1. Sep 15, 2025Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Energy and Commerce, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
  2. Sep 15, 2025Introduced in House
  3. Sep 15, 2025Introduced in House

The original text

Read it for yourself.

Sources & provenance

Congress.govrefreshed 9 days ago

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